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Prof. C. Thang Za Tuan, M.A. (Macq.), Ph.D.
Tuanvaipi, Tedim Kipawlna
I. THU PATNA
Thungaihsunte genna ah tu laitak in Ei gam leh i mite sungah i buaipih mahmah (crisis) thu thum om hi. Tuate in: (1). Ei kua? (National identity/Tribalidentity crisis); (2). I makai kua? Kimakaihna bang? (Leader & Leadership crisis);leh(3).I ettehdingkua? (Model crisis) hi.
Mipil mailam thuluanzia ding alung ngaingaite in kum zalom 21-na ah Tribal Identity Crisis kici minam khehkhiat a kilawhna tawh kibuai thei dingin mukhol uh hi. (World Almanac, 2000, p. 5).
Kawlgam ah minam lian 8 - Kachin, Kayah, Kayin, Chin, Mon, Bamar, Rakhine, Shan om in kiciamteh hi.
Minam ke tuamtuam tawh 135 tak kumpite in hong phasak zawzen uh hi. Ei Chin a hong kithei minam sungah Kawlgam Kumpi in Tribal 53 pha in hong ciamteh sawnsawn hi. Pau nam zui in 44 bang kipha ci-in kampau lam akante in hong ciamteh leuleu hi. Tua ban ah Chin History and Culture Research Committee te in nam 37 in pulak leuleu uh hi (2001). Hih Committee in i kilawhna min leh Township zui in i piankhiatna i Pu, ahihkeileh i minam min bulpi tatak kankhia ni cih leh ei ciapteh ciatna pan Zomi tangthu at ciat in gawmtuah ni cih ngimna bulpi hi. A zenzen in i Pu min Cho ahihleh Chomi, Sho ahihleh Shomi, Zo ahihleh Zomi, Lai ahihleh Laimi. Khu ahihleh Khumi kici in kilo maini cih kithukim hi. Ahizong in mun khat pan a piangsuk hi ding cih kisangthei ciat napi in tua abulpi min bang tatak hiding hiam cih ‘Generic name’ hih hilian hi inteh ci-in lungkim diamna tatak kingah zo nailo hi. (Chin History Research Committee, 2001, p.214).
Thupulakna ii Deihna
Tu laitak in gamdang ah a paite lak ah Chin leh Zomi min tawh UN Agency te san nading in kibuai mahmah uh cihthu kiza leh lang ahihman in mailam ah kithutuah nading leh khantoh nading in hih thu aman banga muhtheih leh zattheih, santheih siamciat ding kisam mahmah hi. Tua ahih manin tuni in hih thulu kikupkhiat ding in Tedim Kipawlna in 2011 Kumcin Kikhoppi ah tavuan ong piak bangun kong pulak khia ahi hi. Thumuh i siam leh khantawnin kimang thei ding a, i siam keileh khantawn mahin kisuplawh thei ding hi cih mu in, patau mahmah ciat ihihman in, ahunlap a thumuh siam leh kikupkhop toh theih ding adeihhuai leh akisam mahmah khat ahi hi.
III. CHIN MIN NGAHNA LEH ZATNA
“Nidang lai in Sen gam ah Jo (Zo, Chou) Dynasty BC 1027-256 leh Chin Dynasty BC 221 - 207 om ngei in tua kumpi ki-ukna min “Chin” ahizong “Zo” ahizong minam min in na zang suak uh hi. Tua “Chin” or “Qin” “Tsin” “Khyen” pen Sen kam hi in “Man” or “Mihing” acihna hi.” (Cf. J. Gin Za Tuang, Zomi Innkuan Laibu 1973, Private Circulation, p.2). Aman’ anih gawmtuah in ZomiChin ci-in na zang hi. Tua Chin pen tuhun Shansi gam ah om hi in Sente kulhpi minthang (Great Wall of China) kum 15 sungin a lam uh hi. Adang Ch’in leh Han Dynasty (BC221 – AD220) kumpi cih khat zong tuhun a Shansi (Shensi) gam ah na om hi. Sen gam tangthu ah Hausa (Prince) Ch’ung Erh akhan ciang in BC 636 kum in amah leh amah Chin (Golden) Prince acih hun sung in Tibeto-Burman kampau te Gansu (Kansu) gam ah kiteeng khawm ngei ahihman tua hun in Chin mite alawhna uh Kawlte in ei zong Chin hong cisuak ahitam cih upmawhna khat om hi. Chin, Ch’in, Qin, Tsin ciin hong kilawhna adang mun tampi ah kimu hi. Kawlgam tangthu ah 9th century lai-in Kawlgam nitumna saklam ah Chin kici minam omzo ci hi. Tua ahihman Thalawady gun pen Chindwin gun ci-in kikhel hi. (Sing Khaw Khai, Ciimnuai Magazine, 1984, p.9-12).
BC 100 hun pawl in Mongoloid suan, Tibeto-Burman akicite Kawlgam na tung uhi. Tua hun akipan in Chindwin gundung suk ah a teeng mite Pagan khuakim a teeng Kawlmite in “Chin” ci in nalo uh hi. Kawl pau in Chin cih pen “lawm” “zawl” tungechin (comrade, ally) cihna pan hong pai hi. (Sing Khaw Khai, Zo People and Their Culture, p.66, quoting Prof. Luce, “The Chin Hills-Linguistic Tour (Dec. 1954),” University Project, JBRS, June 1959). Chin leh Kawlte tang laipek akipan tuni ciangdong kido ngeilo uh hi. Tua akipan Chin pen Chyin, Khyang, Khyeng, Kheng, Khyan, Kiayan, Kyaw cihbangin ki-at hi. Major W. Gwynne in 1881 kum in Chin cih lai agelh a kipan in leitung mun khempeuh ah Chin ciin hong kithei hi.
Kawlgam, Assam leh Bengal kikal a teengte lawhna tangin mikangte hun in ‘Chin’ leh ‘Kuki’ ci-in hong lo/zang uh hi. Chin cih kammal pen “Chin Hills Regulation Act 1896” ah kiptak in kizang suak hi. Tuck & Carey in zong Chin Hills Laibu , Vol. 1 &2 (1895) ah na zangto hi.
• Kawlgam Ki-ukna Constitution 1947, 1974, 2008 te ah “Chin” ci-in official in hong ciamteh uh hi.
• ‘Chin’ leh ‘Kuki’ cih kammal pen tu a Asho, Cho, Khumi, Laimi, Laizo, Matu, Mizo, Zomi a kilote khatzong ii kammal hihetlo hi. ‘Chin’ pen Sen kam ahihkeh Kawlkam hizaw ding a ‘Kuki’ pen zong Bengali pau hici uh hi.
• USA ah om Laimi khempeuh in Biakinn min leh Kipawlna min khempeuh ah “Chin” zang uh hi.
• Rev. Dr. Stephen Hre Kio in “Global Chin Christian Fellowship” (1 Cor. 10:31) bulphuh in phuan a, 1st Global Chin Christian Fellowship Conference, Malaysia ah Nov. 24-27, 2010 in nei uh a, GCCF phuhna kipsak in, leitung bup khen 7 in khen in tavuan kipia uh hi. Central Organizing Committee ah mi 17 kiguang in Department 3 (Mission, Women, Youth) nei uh hi. ‘Laimi’ cih min tang in ‘Chinmi’ cih zangta uh hi.
• Col. Van Kulh in Chin Education Foundation leh Chinland Development Co.Ltd. phuan in Hakha lam uliante Committee member in helvek hi. First Seminar on Chinland Business Forum, January 22, 2011 ni in nei hi. Laimi tangin ‘Chinmi’ cih kammal zang hi.
• 1933 kum in Pu Vawmthu Maung in Chin National Unity (CNU) na phuan in, Captain Mang Tung Nung in 1948 kum a a phuat Khamtung Suahtak Vaihawm Pawlpi (KSVP) Political Party pen 1957 February 20 ni in Chin National Organization (CNO) ci in laih hi.
• 1960 May 30 ni in T. Gou Khen Pau leh S. Vungkhom in min thuh in “Re-unification of the Chin People” ciin Memorandum khat India Kumpi tung ah The Paite National Council min tawh in na puak ngei uh hi.
• India gam ah om Zomite kipumkhat theih nadingin min khat puak hoih hi ci-in Aizawl khuapi ah Lusei, Hmar, Thahdou leh Paihte in 26 November 1960 in kikupkhopna nei uh a CHIN cih ding thukimna nei uh hi. (Cf. Zo Khai: ZOMI Tangko, Lom I, Hawm I na Kiginni, December 17, 1960).
IV. ZOGAM TUNA LEH ZOMI MIN TAWH KILAWHNA
Ciimnuai i tun AD 1420 kum kiim pawl hi dingin kituat hi. Ciimnuai atunglo a mundang pan Zogam ah a pai zong tamding hi.
Falam, Hakha lamte (Tashon, Sim, Zanniat, Hlawnceu) Lailun kuahawmpi atun uh zong tua kum kim pawl leh anungdeuh hiding hi. Tua Lailun tam in Laimi kici uhhi kici hi. (Lailun tangthu bu).
Tu a Zomi a kilote Ciimnuai itun in I pianna “Khul” in ciamteh lel uh hi. Pu min Pu Zo mah ci-in a ciamteh ding un kimuangmawh hi. Leitung ah mi masa pen dingin akimuangmawh Peking Man acih uh zong Peking (Beijing) khuapi nitumna khang lam ah om Zhoukoudian, Zhoukotien or Zokhawcin akiciliang khuul pan aguh kimu khia ahi ahi.
Kum 400,000 - 500,000 kikal sawt hiding ci uh hi. Tua pan hoh ei Zomi apiang ihikha tam cih huai hi. Ahizong in ei theihban ciangah Pu Songthu makaihna tawh innkuan 40 val khanggiat ateen khopna pan un Pasalte min tuamtuamte zui in behmin hong piang hizaw kha dingin ki-um hi. Tua a patin tudong in behmin 300 tangbang phathi.
Gam-uk Mikangte hong tunma in Poi, Pai, Lusei ci-in kiim leh pam tawh na kiciamteh uh hihtuak hi. Mikangte hong tunkhit ciangin Khamtungmi kici in hong ciamteh uh hi. (Khamtung cih pen keentung ah teeng cihna hi. Falam pau in zong khaamtlun ci uh hi). Tua khit ciangin tu hun a Tedim gam sung ah ateengte Sukte, Kamhau leh Sihzang in hong ciamteh bek uh hi.
Anungsang ciangin tenna mun zui in Simte, Malte, Sihzangte, Saizangte, Teizangte, Dimte, Khuanote, Zote, ..cih bangin min ikivawh hihtuak zaw hi.
Tuma kum 60 lai a kipan (1950s nungsang in) i Pu min Zo hiding leh ei zong ZOMI hizaw ngeel ni cih lungsim kituahdiamna leh lungkimna thu khat hong lut hi.
Tangtawng akipan in Zomi in kakilo uh hi. “Kuki” cih kammal pen hua hun lai in “Zo” (Zomi) in na kilaih kha hileh Kawlgam, East Pakistan leh Assam a teeng teng sawtpek in Min tawh buaina om nonlo mah ding hiven.
- Dr. Vum Ko Hau, Zomi scholar-cum-leader
• I Pu min Zo in na pan hi. - Capt. Khup Za Thang, “Zo suanh Khangthu Simna,” (1973)
• Zomi pen tangthu ah ei kilawhna bulpi ahi hi. Shante in zong Pong Dynasty khang tangthu bu sungah Khampat ah teeng masate “Zomi” in hong ciamteh khin uh hi.- S. Thangkhangin, “Why Shall We Be called Zomi,” 1986
• Rev. Father Sangermano in 1833 kum in “A Description of the Burmese Empire” (p33-34) sungah Jo gam om in amau ‘Chien’ te hingel ding hi ci hi. (Yawte acinuam hihtuak zaw aitam).
• Rev. S. T. Hau Go in 1952 November kha in Eimau min lian tawh Zomi Baptist Convention (ZBC) ci-in Zomi Upa Siate tawh kithukim in Biakna kipumkhat nading in naphut uh hi. 1983 April in Thantlang khuapi Triennial Meeting ah votes 434 tawh khatvei na kipsak kik lai uh hi.
• Zo (Zomi); Jo (Jomi); Yo (Yomi); Sho (Shomi), Cho (Chomi) pan kampau bulkhat pan aw tuamtuam a kilo kha ahihtuak zaw hi. Chin State a om Tedim, Falam, Hakha, Matupi cihbangte in zong Zomi mah kicih uh hi. Lai ci a kilote in zong Ton leh Lam pawi ah athunget uh ciangun “Vai country” leh agam uh “Zo Country” mah ci tangtang uh hi. (Prof. F. K. Lehman, “The Structure of Chin Society”, 1963, pp.7-10; “On the names CHIN, LAI and ZO,” Chin National Day Journal, No. 6. March 1999; Prism of the ZO People, 2008).
• Lushai Hills ah “Mizo” cih kammal pen mipi in lungkim mahmah in hong kizang hi. A deihna in ‘Zo suan’ cihna mah hi. Mizoram cih zong Mizo ahihkeh ‘Zomite gam’ cihna mah hi.
Hih kammal in amau minbul tawh kilawhna masa pen hong hi hi. (Keivom: “Towards Zo Unification,” Prism of the ZO PEOPLE, 2008, pp.197).
• Chin icihte in hong nial tantanloh uh hangin amau leh amau Chin kici ngeilo uh hi. Zomi or Mizo kici zaw uh hi.” - U Thein Pe Myint
• 1972 kum in Pu T. Gougin makaihna tawh Daijang khua ah Zomi National Congress phuan uh hi.
• Mizoram, Champhai khuapi ah May 19-21, 1988 in amasa pen First World Zomi Convention ah hih thu a tangkona uah, “Ei, Zo suan minamte hong suangkhia a ikipatkhiatna khat hihang. I pau, i ngeina leh i tatdante in i zatdan ngeina paipi khat ahihna hong kilang hi. I tangthu ciaptehte, i khekhapte, akigelh hi in kigelhlo hitaleh i mualsuangte in phung khat pan kipankhia ihihna hong lakkhia hi” aci uh hi. (Prism of the ZO People, 2008, Preface).
• Tua laibu agelh Zomi laisiam mipilte leh thubulkan mi 21 te in phung khat, gui khat leh Pu Zo suan ihihna a lakkhia uh hi. (Prism of the ZO PEOPLE, Compiled, Edited and Published by Publication Board, 60th Zomi Nam Ni Celebration Committee, 2008, Thawnsaau Printing Works, Zion Street, Central Lamka).
• Zomi Zingsol Magazine (1968) leh Zomi Magazine (1980) ci-in Zangkong University Siamsinte in hawmkhia masa ngei uh hi.
• Leitungbup ah “Zomi Innkuan Kipawlna” ciin 2005 akipan in USA ate in na pan khia uh hi.
Tu in USA leh Canaada ah mun 30 leh leitung bup gam 13 ah Zomi Innkuan ci-in kipawlna omta hi.
• Malaysia a om Zomite in Zomi Association of Malaysia (ZAM) cih na phuan khia uh hi.
• November 2010 in Cope Centennial Jubilee Celebration ah Biakna lam pan Zomi bup hong makaih dingin Zomi Upa 5 seh uh a, amau “Leitungbup Zomi Kipawlna” (Global Zomi Alliance) cih min Singapore khuapi ah April 27-29, 2011 in amasa pen akikupna uah phuak uh hi. Hih Kipawlna in Pasian bulphuh in leitungbup Zomite kipumkhat a, a bucing khantoh nading kipawlna ahi hi ci-in Vision (Tup leh Ngim) pulak uh hi.
• Minam Min “Chin” cih min pen midangte hong piak min hi aa, tangtawng aa kipan ih Pu ih Pate “Zomi” kici in na kilo uh ahihman in, ih minam min pen “Zomi” mah kici den ding hi ciin pulak khia uh hi. (ZIPO Global Zomi Alliance pan Thuzaksakna, Chin Do Kham, General Secretary, May 1, 2011).
V. NGAIHSUTHUAI THUTE
Do Khan Khup, New York, in February 13, 2010 ni in “The Seven Myths about Zomi andChin” ci-in Thumaan leh maanlo kithei cianlo tangthu dan pian in a pulakte “Zomi leh Chin” min zatna ah ngaihsuthuai thute hisa in ngaihsut beh a kikup dingin kong pulak sawn hi.
ŒMyth 1: Zomi cih kammal pen ei sungteng (local) ah i zat hibek a, Chin pen Kawlgam sung leh International ah midangten hong theihna ahi hi. Asho, Laimi, Cho, Mizo, Zomi, etc. cih level hi.
Chin hi ung akicite in Chin min zangin human rights, politics leh forum tuamtuam ah a sepnate uh lawhcing a, lamzang mahmah uh hi. A masa dingte i masak ding hi a, a nunung dingte i nunun ding hi. Tulaitak Zomite i masak ding i minam min Zomi vai hilo a, Chin min mah tawh International Community i lunglutna, deihsakna leh huhnate i zon, i ngah zawh nang hahkat ding hi zaw hi.
ŽMyth 3: Kawlgam, Zogam, UN te ah Chin pen official name in hong ciapteh sak khin zo uh hi. Zomi hi ung cici in Zomi Baptist Convention (ZBC) taisan khin lailai.
Zogam ah ei leh ei i ki uk ciangin i deih bangbang in khek thei ziauziau ding hihang. Tulaitak Chin leh Zomi vai buai ding hipeuhmah lo hi.
Myth 5: Tuhun pen kikhen hun hilo in kipumkhat hun hita hi. Zomi bekbek acite muhna tom, ngaihsutna kawcikte hi zaw uh hi.
‘Myth 6: Mi tamzaw in hong saan theih naang pen ei Zomi a ut teng in mitawh tuiluan bangin luang khawmphot limlim masa leng. Chin mah zatpih photphot masa leng.
’Myth 7: Chin leh Zomi min tawh i buaibuai aleh i khantoh nading kal khat ziakai ding hihang. A min buaipihlo zaw in athu lam ah buai zaw leng mailam hizaw tading hi.
THUKHUPNA
Tu laitak in Zomi leh Chin tawh a buai “Zomi hi ung” aci Zomite bek i hita hi. I dinmun hong kitheihpih hun, hong kitheipihloh hun, mi tawmzaw ihih hun, mi tamzaw ihih hun, pawi i bawl hun, biakpiakna i neih hun, hun khempeuh ah dinmun lak i siam ding pen thupha hi tawntung ding hi.
src:ZINGSOL Estd. 1994 Lom 15. Hawm 1. February (Tun Kha) 2013.
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